SFG RLC Filter Example

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Consider the second-order RLC Filter shown in Fig. 1. Let us use signal flow graphs to convert this passive filter into an equivalent active filter.

After labeling the node voltages and branch currents, we then express the inductor currents and capacitor voltages as integrator forms, as shown in the signal flow graph in Fig. 2.

We then normalize the signal flow graph to convert the current nodes into voltage nodes, as shown in Fig. 3.

The integrator-based active filter can then be derived, as seen in Fig. 4.